transatlantic post continued...

1848, BRITANNIA: Folded letter dated "New Orleans Dec 2 1848" with matching cds. "NEW ORLEANS DEC 2" and straight line "PAID" and "34", endorsed "pr. St. Britannia", to London, there charged again with "1/-", fine

1848, CAMBRIA: Folded letter dated "London 15 June 1848" to Washington, with Forwarder cachet "FORWARDED BY MESSrs COUTTS & Co", upon arrival in Boston red "BOSTON SHIP JUN 30" struck and charged with "12" cents, on arrival in Washington on 1st July, the date the new law was effective, the rate was changed to "34" cents - the very first retaliatory rate, fine

1848, CAMBRIA: Folded letter from Halifax with red "HALIFAX PAID OCT 2 1848 NOVA SCOTIA" to New York, paid "1/-" and upon arrival red "BOSTON SHIP OCT 6" struck and charged again with "29" cents, scarce as most mail was sent overland thus not charged twice

1848, EUROPA, Maiden Voyage, folded letter dated "Liverpool 7 Mo July 14 1848" with matching red "PAID AT LIVERPOOL JY 13 1848" alongside to New York, paid "4/-", upon arrival red "BOSTON SHIP JUL 27" struck and charged with "87" cents as triple rate, some minor ink corrosion, otherwise a fine and attractive entire

1848, EUROPA: 1847 Embossed 1sh. green tied by numeral to folded letter, endorsed per Europa" to Andover, Massachusetts. Upon arrival charged and red "NEW ORLEANS SHIP JAN 1 29cts" applied, stamp touched and unobtrusive vertical crease, yet attractive entire of the last westbound Retaliatory Rate voyage

1848, EUROPA: folded lettersheet with full content (list of good on elaborately printed letterhead "Fellmongers, Leather Dressers" from "NOTTINGHAM OC 13 1848"  to New York, paid "1/-", charged upon arrival with "24" cents, fine

1848, HIBERNIA: Folded lettersheet from "MÜNSTER 3/7 7-8A" endorsed "via England pr. Mailsteamer", paid "20" silbergroschen, to New York, upon arrival charged "24" cents retaliatory fee for delivery at port of arrival

1848, HIBERNIA: Folded letter dated "Zante 12 august 1848" to Boston, paid "3"d. local postage and "1/-" to the UK, carried per H.M.S. Volcano" and "Indus" via Malta and Southampton to London, charge paid by forwarder, upon arrival in Boston charged with "24" cents, fine

1848, TRENT: Folded lettersheet from "TRINIDAD JY 21 1848" to New York, per Royal Steam Packet "Eagle" to St. Thomas, from there in the "TRENT" to Bermuda and New York and charged again with "24" cents, fine and attractive with very few covers known from the West Indies

1848, AMERICA: Victoria 2d. blue and 1847 Embossed 10d. red-brown tied by numeral to envelope endorsed "p Royal mail packet" to new York, upon arrival charged with "12" cents (10c. as double letter and 2c. ship fee), adhesives with faults, yet and scarce entire from the first westbound voyage under the Restored Rate period

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1848, EUROPA: Folded letter dated "Boston Decr 27- 1848" endorsed "p Steamer Europa" to London, unpaid, per Harnden Express with red cachet "FROM HARNDEN & Co. COMMISSION MERCHANTS NEW-YORK " alongside, charged "1/-" upon arrival

1849, CANADA: Folded letter dated "Brooklyn Feb 6th 1849" to Manchester, posted unpaid and charged "1/-" upon arrival, interesting entire of te last eastbound voyage in the restored rate period

1849, CANADA: Folded lettersheet from Boston (February 5th) endorsed "p Steamer Canada" to London, paid "48" cents., upon arrival charged with "2/-" as the Convention rate was not effective until the departure of February 15th., interesting entire of the last eastbound voyage of the Restored Rate Period

1849, EUROPA: Folded letter dated "Liverpool 9 February 1849" with matching red "PAID AT LIVERPOOL FE 9 1849" and "1/-" handstamp, endorsed "p. Europa", to New York, upon arrival charged with "6" for the ship fee, fine and attractive entire of the last westbound voyage under the Restored Rate Period

1849, EUROPA: Buff envelope from "Paris N.Y. Jan 6" with manuscript "Paid 29" to Broughty Ferry, Scotland with arrival mark "DUNDEE JA 23 1849", upon arrival charged with "1/-" as prepayment was not possible under the Restored Rate rules. The cover was paid for twice, some wear but an interesting entire from the first eastbound voyage in the Restored Rate period

1849 THE NEW TREATY RATE PERIOD

The early voyages had no accounting hand stamps. These were not available until late March in the Exchange Office in Liverpool and early April in the US and then in inadequate numbers for the volume of mail. For the first four months the system worked imperfectly.

1849, AMERICA: Folded letter weighing 2oz from Liverpool with red "PAID AT LIVERPOOL FE 24 1849" to New York, paid "4/-", manuscript credit of "20" cents to the US, some minor ink corrosion, a fine and interesting entire from the first westbound voyage under the new treaty

1849, AMERICA: Folded letter dated "New York July 3rd 1849" with "5" cents due handstamp alongside to Sheffield, reverse with "AMERICA LIVERPOOL JY 15 1849", upon arrival charged "1/-", fine

1849, CANADA: Folded lettersheet from London to New York, endorsed "p Steamship 'Canada' via Liverpool", U.S. debited with "19 CENTS", upon arrival charged with "24" cents, fine and scarce

1849, EUROPA: Folded lettersheet from London with red "PAID 5 AP 5 1849" alongside to Petersburg, Virginia, credit to U.S. with red "5 CENTS", further red "PAID SHIP" struck unnecessarily and inaccurately, fine

1849, HERMANN: Folded letter dated "St. Andrews Bay 4 th February" to Dublin, manuscript "Paid 24" at upper right, upon arrival red "PAID MR 11 1849" applied, fine entire conveyed on the first trip under the new contract