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The Chartwell Collection - Great Britain Line-Engraved Essays, Proofs, Stamps & Covers Part 1

The Chartwell Collection - Great Britain Line-Engraved Essays, Proofs, Stamps & Covers Part 1
Lot Symbol Lot Description CV or Estimate
110271001 imagePre-Stamp Essays A large, colourless embossed Royal coat of arms on soft card (103x111mm), clean and fine. Possibly produced by Kendall and Son. An ideal frontispiece to any collection Estimate £ 250-300 Rowland Hill and Postal Reform The origins of the Post Office date from 1635 when King Charles I opened the Royal Post to the public. This was conceived as a way of generating extra revenue for a service which was already in operation for the sovereign´s mail. The rate of postage was calculated by the distance the letter was carried and this service was very expensive to send a letter. It may be for this reason that the postal system developed in a haphazard manner. With the introduction of mail coaches, in the 1780´s the calculations of postage became even more complicated. The very high cost of sending letters was compounded by the free franking privileges of members of both houses of parliament and the fact that the postage was paid by the recipient; if a letter was refused there was no income generated for the Post Office. Rowland Hill studied the costs and revenue of the Post Office and in 1837 published his radical ideas for postal reform. The corner stones of his proposals were the abolitions of the free privileges and a prepaid uniform postage of one penny, regardless of distance. (Image1)

Error Occurred While Processing Request The web site you are accessing has experienced an unexpected error.
Please contact the website administrator.

The following information is meant for the website developer for debugging purposes.
Error Occurred While Processing Request

Variable SCOUNTRY110271001 is undefined.

 
The error occurred in E:/InetPub/wwwroot/auctionnet/F2/f2f201142.cfm: line 143
Called from E:/InetPub/wwwroot/auctionnet/F2/f2f201142.cfm: line 129
Called from E:/InetPub/wwwroot/auctionnet/F2/f2f201142.cfm: line 1
 
141 : Office and in 1837 published his radical ideas for postal reform. The corner stones of his proposals were the abolitions of the free privileges and a prepaid uniform postage of one penny, regardless of distance.<A
142 : HREF="https://d3ums4016ncdkp.cloudfront.net/auction/main/11027/11027_1001_1.jpg" target="_blank"> <b>(Image1)</b></a>
143 : <cfset mCountry  = sCountry110271001 >
144 : <cfset mOrder    = Order110271001 >
145 : <cfset mSANNumber  = SAN_Number110271001 >
Resources:

Browser   Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)
Remote Address   216.73.216.0
Referrer  
Date/Time   23-Dec-25 01:35 PM
Stack Trace
at cff2f2011422ecfm1008763350._factor1(E:/InetPub/wwwroot/auctionnet/F2/f2f201142.cfm:143) at cff2f2011422ecfm1008763350._factor101(E:/InetPub/wwwroot/auctionnet/F2/f2f201142.cfm:129) at cff2f2011422ecfm1008763350.runPage(E:/InetPub/wwwroot/auctionnet/F2/f2f201142.cfm:1) 

coldfusion.runtime.UndefinedVariableException: Variable SCOUNTRY110271001 is undefined.
	at coldfusion.runtime.CfJspPage._get(CfJspPage.java:456)
	at coldfusion.runtime.CfJspPage._get(CfJspPage.java:411)
	at coldfusion.runtime.CfJspPage._get(CfJspPage.java:390)
	at coldfusion.runtime.CfJspPage._autoscalarize(CfJspPage.java:2364)
	at cff2f2011422ecfm1008763350._factor1(E:\InetPub\wwwroot\auctionnet\F2\f2f201142.cfm:143)
	at cff2f2011422ecfm1008763350._factor101(E:\InetPub\wwwroot\auctionnet\F2\f2f201142.cfm:129)
	at cff2f2011422ecfm1008763350.runPage(E:\InetPub\wwwroot\auctionnet\F2\f2f201142.cfm:1)
	at coldfusion.runtime.CfJspPage.invoke(CfJspPage.java:251)
	at coldfusion.tagext.lang.IncludeTag.handlePageInvoke(IncludeTag.java:749)
	at coldfusion.tagext.lang.IncludeTag.doStartTag(IncludeTag.java:578)
	at coldfusion.filter.CfincludeFilter.invoke(CfincludeFilter.java:65)
	at coldfusion.filter.ApplicationFilter.invoke(ApplicationFilter.java:613)
	at coldfusion.filter.RequestMonitorFilter.invoke(RequestMonitorFilter.java:43)
	at coldfusion.filter.MonitoringFilter.invoke(MonitoringFilter.java:40)
	at coldfusion.filter.PathFilter.invoke(PathFilter.java:162)
	at coldfusion.filter.IpFilter.invoke(IpFilter.java:45)
	at coldfusion.filter.ExceptionFilter.invoke(ExceptionFilter.java:97)
	at coldfusion.filter.ClientScopePersistenceFilter.invoke(ClientScopePersistenceFilter.java:28)
	at coldfusion.filter.BrowserFilter.invoke(BrowserFilter.java:38)
	at coldfusion.filter.NoCacheFilter.invoke(NoCacheFilter.java:60)
	at coldfusion.filter.GlobalsFilter.invoke(GlobalsFilter.java:38)
	at coldfusion.filter.DatasourceFilter.invoke(DatasourceFilter.java:22)
	at coldfusion.filter.CachingFilter.invoke(CachingFilter.java:62)
	at coldfusion.CfmServlet.service(CfmServlet.java:231)
	at coldfusion.bootstrap.BootstrapServlet.service(BootstrapServlet.java:311)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:199)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:144)
	at coldfusion.monitor.event.MonitoringServletFilter.doFilter(MonitoringServletFilter.java:46)
	at coldfusion.bootstrap.BootstrapFilter.doFilter(BootstrapFilter.java:47)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:168)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:144)
	at jdk.internal.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor104.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:568)
	at com.intergral.fusionreactor.j2ee.filterchain.WrappedFilterChain.doFilter(WrappedFilterChain.java:134)
	at com.intergral.fusionreactor.j2ee.filter.FusionReactorRequestHandler.doNext(FusionReactorRequestHandler.java:698)
	at com.intergral.fusionreactor.j2ee.filter.FusionReactorRequestHandler.doHttpServletRequest(FusionReactorRequestHandler.java:256)
	at com.intergral.fusionreactor.j2ee.filter.FusionReactorRequestHandler.doFusionRequest(FusionReactorRequestHandler.java:119)
	at com.intergral.fusionreactor.j2ee.filter.FusionReactorRequestHandler.handle(FusionReactorRequestHandler.java:736)
	at com.intergral.fusionreactor.j2ee.filter.FusionReactorCoreFilter.doFilter(FusionReactorCoreFilter.java:36)
	at jdk.internal.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor114.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:568)
	at com.intergral.fusionreactor.j2ee.filterchain.WrappedFilterChain.doFilter(WrappedFilterChain.java:71)
	at jdk.internal.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor101.invoke(Unknown Source)
	at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:568)
	at com.intergral.fusionreactor.agent.filter.FusionReactorStaticFilter.doFilter(FusionReactorStaticFilter.java:54)
	at com.intergral.fusionreactor.agent.pointcuts.NewFilterChainPointCut$1.invoke(NewFilterChainPointCut.java:50)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:168)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:90)
	at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:482)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:130)
	at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:93)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:74)
	at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:357)
	at org.apache.coyote.ajp.AjpProcessor.service(AjpProcessor.java:448)
	at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:63)
	at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:936)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1791)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:52)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1190)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:659)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:63)
	at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:842)