Italian States. 1687-1869 Entire letters, entires and a few part entires, mainly stampless and prestamp (52), also stamped items (20) with Papal States 1b bisect on part cover and two ½b stamps on 1858 entire, Tuscany 1851-52 2c (2, one cancelled in red) or 6c on entires and 4c + 6c on a front, Sardinia 10c + 20c + 40c on 1861 cover to Amsterdam, etc, mixed condition with some faults. (72).

Papal States. 1852-61 Entire letters (3) and a cover from Rome (3) or Civitavecchia, to England (3) or Ireland, franked 1852-64 imperf 5b or 2b + 3b + 5b (both charged 1/4), 4b + 6b single and pair, or 6b + 8b pair, the last with some edge faults, otherwise largely fine. (4).

World War Two. 1939-1945 Covers and cards including 1939 cover from an Italian serviceman in Spain, flown to Rome with Italy 25c block of six tied by "POSTO DI SCAMBIO F" (Feb 18) datestamps; 1940 (June 4) cover from London to Italy, British and German censors with large boxed "Feindland" (Enemy Land) applied in Germany; 1943 cover from Greece with P.M stamps tied "Posta Militaire N. 23" datestamps; commercial use of 25c parcel stamp pair due to a stamp shortage; 1944 cover from a German soldier at Portogruaro with Italian Socialist Republic stamps; 1945 (Apr 30) late commercial use of Socialist Republic stamp; 1945 C.L.N Savone overprints, etc. (10).