Postal History of the Immigrant Colonies in Paragu. Altos. 1890-1914 Covers (2, one registered), postcards (2) and a lettercard, sent to Germany (3), Austria or Switzerland, three differing types of Altos c.d.s, all fine. The colony at Altos was established in 1883 by seventy members of the San Bernardino colony dissatisfied with conditions at the original settlement; by 1938 there were approximately 200 Germans living there. (5).

Bella Vista / Hohenau. 1910 Registered covers from Bella Vista to France or the USA; 1910 cover from Hohenau to Germany bearing 1908 overprint 60c + 1909 overprint 5c (3), and 1934-36 registered covers to Germany with a differing Colonia Hohenau c.d.s, one with a handstruck registration mark. Hohenau was established by 15 Brazilian Germans in 1899, and had grown to approximately 1,100 by 1920; Bella Vista was a daughter colony of Hohenau established in 1907 mainly comprising Brazilians. Five fine covers. (5).

Cosme. c.1896 Newspaper wrappers to London franked 4c tied by undated circular "CORREOS / PARAGUAY" handstamp, one with "Col. Cosme" applied separately in the centre, the other with "Cosme" handstamp applied. The Colony of Cosme was founded in 1894 by forty settlers, mainly Australians, who left the Nueva Australia Colony. A further 147 immigrants joined by 1905, but it gradually fell into decay after 1910. An early pair of wrappers from this Australian Colony with two very scarce handstamped cancels. (2). Photo on Page 208. (Image1)

Cosme. 1899-c.1900 Newspaper wrappers to London franked 4c pair or 5c cancelled by undated circular "CORREOS / PARAGUAY" with separate "Col Cosme" handstamp applied in the centre, both fine and very scarce. (2). Photo on Page 210. (Image1)

Cosme. 1903 2c Newspaper wrapper to London bearing 4c, 5c on 2c and a bisected 2c stamp to pay the 12c rate, cancelled by "CORREOS / COLONIA COSME" datestamps, and a 1911 picture postcard to USA with senders cachet of Colonia Cosme, the 5c + 20c stamps simply cancelled with violet "27 Jun 1911" datestamp, both fine and unusual. (2).

Elisa. 1905-07 Picture postcards to Stockholm, the first written in Colonia Elisa but cancelled in Asuncion, the second with 20c and 5c on 2c tied by "COLONIA ELISA / PARAGUAY" c.d.s. Also a 1908 postcard from Villa Rica addressed to Colonia Elisa. Founded in 1891 by 81 Swedes and Danes, the only Swedish colony in Paraguay. Very scarce. (3).

Nueva Italia. 1911 Registered cover franked 50c + 75c to Hungary, written from Nueva Italia but posted at Villeta, and a 1914 picture postcard from Germany with violet "COLONIA NVA ITALIA / PARAGUAY" arrival c.d.s. Nueva Italia was a colony from 1906 until 1926, founded by Italians with some Austrian, Swiss and Greek settlers. The Colonia Nueva Italia c.d.s is very scarce. (2).

Colony of President Gonzalez. 1896 Cover to France with "COMISARIO DE LA COLONIA PRESIDENTE GONZALEZ" cachet on reverse, the 20c rate paid by six stamps cancelled by circular undated "CORREOS / PARAGUAY" and two strikes of straight line "COLONIA PTE GONZALEZ". Also an 1897 lettercard from Villa Rica to Colonia Nacional. This colony was founded in 1887, later changing its name to Colonia Nacional, and had colonists from 14 countries, mainly Germans, French and Italians. The 1896 cover with two horizontal folds well away from the stamps, otherwise fine and the straight line cancel very scarce. (2). Photo on Page 210. (Image1)

Other Colonies. 1908-47 Covers comprising 1908-09 covers to the USA franked 60c (and marked 30c due but no charge collected) or 75c both with "Jesus Y Trinidad" c.d.s (2); 1912-13 covers franked 75c to Germany with "Yegros" c.d.s (2); 1937 cover franked 10p to Germany with violet "Col. Fernheim" c.d.s; and 1947 printed matter cover franked 1c to USA with light "Coronel Bogado" c.d.s. The Colony of Jesus Y Trinidad founded by German settlers; Yegros consisted of about 220 Germans, Italians and French by the 1920s; Fernheim founded in 1930 by Mennonites from Germany and Eastern Europe; and Coronel Bogado founded in 1914 by Jose Bogado, leader of the Paraguayans who fought in Chile and Peru, populated by Paraguayans and Argentineans. (6).