1857 (Apr. 16) New York, N.Y. to Livorno (Leghorn), Tuscany, printed circular of Smith & Tracy, carried by Havre Line N.Y. & Havre Navigation Co. Fulton from New York May 2 to Havre arriving May 15, Havre (5.15) entry cds, Livorno (4.20) arrival cds, manuscript "4" crazie due rating, F.-V.F., a scarce example of printed matter to Tuscany. Estimate  $200 - 300. Circular was prepaid 2¢ (not shown) for the United States printed matter fee. Since U.S.-French Convention of 1857, which just went into effect on 1 April 1857, had no provision for printed matter between the United States and France, circular was treated as an unpaid circular under the 1851 Franco-Tuscan Convention. The 4 crazie postage due was the rate for printed matter arriving from overseas via England instead of going directly to France, which required a 3 crazie rate. The reason for this charge is unknown. $0 (Image)