DANZIG - MAIL TO FRANCE/NETHERLANDS WITH AMSTERDAM, HAMBURG, LONDON OR PARIS AGENT ENDORSEMENTS: 1761-1819 ELs all from Danzig with ms forwarding agent endorsements of Amsterdam (4), Paris, Hamburg (3), London and Danzig (2) all mainly in v. fine condition; four with "D'HOLLANDE", two with "HAMBURG" & one with boxed "ALLEMAGNE/PAR/GIVET". A rare group; 18th century mail from Danzig is very elusive. (11 covers) Cross Reference: LATVIA, DANZIG, NETHERLANDS, FRANCE (Image)

SCANDINAVIA - MAIL TO G.B., FRANCE OR DENMARK FROM DENMARK, FINLAND, NORWAY & SWEDEN: 1763-1851 E/ELs all with forwarding agent cachets (4) or endorsements (7); ex Denmark (1763 to Bordeaux via Amsterdam agent plus 1839 forwarded within London), Finland (ex Wiborg or Helsinki; four endorsed & two with FACs - J.R. Hamfeldt of Hamburg & "GUST. E. WHITLOCK/STOCKHOLM", neither of which are recorded in Rowe), Norway (1814/19 trio endorsed via Amsterdam, Copenhagen or Gothenburg agents; plus 1846 to Bordeaux with oval "NOTTEBOHM & Co./HAMBURG" FAC), and Sweden (1849 to Paris with oval blue "ANDERSON HOBER & Co/HAMBURG"). Good variety of scarce markings. (13 covers) Cross Reference: DENMARK, FINLAND, NORWAY, SWEDEN (Image)

FRANCE - EUROPEAN TRANSIT MAIL WITH FRENCH FACs OR AGENT ENDORSEMENTS: 1803-50 E/ELs to France, G.B., Spain, Switzerland or Italian States from various European countries all with French forwarding agent markings; inc. FACs (4) of N. Mory/Calais, T. Brenner & Cie/Marseilles (not in Rowe) and Choisnard de Calais (2); plus sender's cachets of "PAQUEBOTS A VAPEUR TOSCANS/...MARSEILLES" & M. Fraissinet/Marseilles. The ms endorsements are from agents in Marseilles, Paris or Lyons plus one with no town name. (10 covers) Cross Reference: FRANCE, SWITZERLAND, ITALIAN STATES, MARITIME MAIL (Image)

GERMAN STATES - HAMBURG - EUROPEAN FORWARDING AGENT MAIL WITH FACs & ENDORSEMENTS: 1785-1858 E/ELs sent within Europe all having Hamburg agent's handstamps (8) or endorsements (15); the FACs inc. several double oval types in blue, 1841 double-boxed "KOCH/&/SCHULTZE", 1842 ellipse-framed "Hamilton Koch & Co/in/HAMBURG." (not in Rowe) or 1847 doubled-boxed "J.R. Hamfeldt". Origins inc. Finland, Sweden, Saxony (several), Poland, Russia or Bremen. Good lot suitable for further expansion. (23 covers)Cross Reference: GERMAN STATES, FINLAND, POLAND, SWEDEN (Image)

GERMAN STATES - OTHER CITIES - EUROPEAN FORWARDING AGENT MAIL WITH FACs & ENDORSEMENTS: 1733-1845 E/ELs sent within Europe all having agent's handstamps (3) or endorsements (15); the FACs inc. "Leonhard Kalb./in Nurnberg" (1825/31 pair; both v. fine) or 1845 black double oval "JAC.LUD.BRUHNS&SOHN/LUBECK" (Rowe only records this in blue) on EL from Helsinki to London. The endorsements are from a wide variety of agents in cities inc. Augsburg (1733 + 1836), Leipzig (1788), Frankfurt, Cologne, Bremen, Koenigsberg (2), Strasbourg & several Nuremberg. (18 covers)Cross Reference: FINLAND, GERMAN STATES, AUSTRIA, ITALIAN STATES (Image)

GIBRALTAR & SPAIN - EUROPEAN FORWARDING AGENT MAIL INC. CADIZ FAC & "GIBRALTAR/PAID" COVERS: 1812 EL from Lisbon to Palermo unusually having a ms agent's endorsement on the flap of "P.L.Sivori, Gib[ralterr]a." and a faint red "GIBRALTAR/PAID" arc. Plus 1805-39 E/ELs with Spanish, British or French agents' markings inc. black oval 1847 FAC of "D.A.JORDAN ONETO Y Co/CADIZ" (Lisbon to Marseilles; rarity factor: "4" in Rowe + only recorded in blue) & 1805 Alicante agent's endorsement (Livorno to Malaga); plus French agents' endorsements on mail from Spain. (12 covers) Cross Reference: SPAIN, FRANCE, GIBRALTAR, LONDON POSTAL HISTORY (Image)

GREAT BRITAIN - EUROPEAN MAIL TO/FROM G.B. WITH AGENTS' MARKINGS: 1748-1845 ELs inc. unusual 1811/13 pair from Spain to London with oval "SHIP-LETTER/[crown]/PLYMOUTH" marks endorsed as forwarded by different Plymouth agents (Gould & Olvez or Foxes & Sons), unusual 1820 EL from Liverpool to Rouen with 3 addresses, 1748 from Cork to Antwerp with "..NGLETERRE", 1829 "ANGLETEERE/PAR CALAIS", 1808 London to Portugal with Portsmouth agent endorsement or 1845 to Bremen endorsed by the Bremen Vice-Consul in Deal. (9 covers)Cross Reference: SPAIN, SHIP LETTERS, LONDON POSTAL HISTORY, IRELAND PRE-1922 - POSTAL HISTORY (Image)

GREAT BRITAIN - LATER EUROPEAN MAIL TO/FROM G.B. WITH AGENTS' MARKINGS: 1838-1900 covers & card inc. 1838 EL London to Cuba with blue-black oval "FORWARDED BY/BARTHEZ BROTHERS/LONDON" (not recorded in Rowe) but no other postal markings, 1842 EL Antwerp to London with only "LIGHTLY & SIMON/SHIP AGENTS/123, Fenchurch Street", 1850 EL Riga to Oporto with oval "WILLIAM MASON/LONDON" (not recorded in Rowe) with ms date within, 1846 EL London to Santander with garter-frame "POLDEN & LAFARGUE" FAC, 1848 EL to Riverdeo with "Agent for Lloyds Holyhead", 1866 E from Liverpool to Paris with 1d Red pair + 6d Purple with Havre FAC, and group of 1d Red bootleg covers from various continental agents with their own cachets. (13 covers + 1 postcard + 1 receipt) Cross Reference: OVERSEAS DESTINATIONS, LONDON POSTAL HISTORY, ANGLESEY, SPAIN (Image)

NETHERLANDS - EUROPEAN MAIL ALL WITH FACs & ENDORSEMENTS BY DUTCH FORWARDING AGENTS: 1703-1850 E/ELs sent within Europe all having Amsterdam or Rotterdam agents' cachets (5) or endorsements (8). 1703 pair of ELs from Livorno/Dunkerque to Lichfield/London with Bishop marks both with Amsterdam agent endorsements (the former with also Livorno agent's endorsement). FACs inc. 1798 Bordeaux to Amsterdam EL with circular "VAN STAPHORST DE BARY & COMP/AMSTERDAM" with ms date alongside, 1823 E from German States (?) to London with "DE KUYPER STAHL & CO./ROTTERDAM" with date written after, or 1850 E from Amsterdam to London (then apparently forwarded privately onto St. Petersburg) with 2-ring oval "B.H.SCHRODWE & CIE/AMSTERDAM"; all three are unrecorded in Rowe. Useful collection with earlier examples. (13 covers) Cross Reference: NETHERLANDS, LONDON POSTAL HISTORY, FRANCE, RUSSIA (Image)

IONIAN ISLANDS - FORWARDING AGENTS MAIL FROM CORFU, ZANTES, FRANCE OR ITALIAN STATES: 1829-1854 ELs inc. unusual 1844 disinfected letter (two vertical slits) in Greek from Taganrog, Russia to Santa Maura with extremely fine & fancy "SPIRIDIONE DIMA/CANDONA & CO. CORFU" FAC (unrecorded in Rowe, possibly the earliest Spiridione Dima cachet availible) plus other ingoing covers (4, forwarded from Corfu, Ancona or Bologna) & one outgoing (from Zante to Plymouth with blue boxed Rabau Brothers & Co./Marseilles mark only recorded in black in Rowe). Scarce & attractive lot. (5 covers)Cross Reference: IONIAN ISLANDS, FRANCE, ITALIAN STATES, DISINFECTED MAIL (Image)

ITALIAN STATES - INGOING & OUTGOING FORWARDED MAIL: 1802-1858 E/ELs to/from Italy endorsed or handstruck by forwarding agents. Includes 1842 EL from Kells, Ireland to Rome with scarce boxed "PAID AT/KELLS" mark on the front & "De la parte des Messers Torlonin & Cie" hs on flap, 1851/56 EL pair Naples(?)/Palermo to London/Livorno with oval "RECEIVED & FORWARDED/NAPLES/BY W.E.ROUTH&R.JEANS" though the later cover's cachet has had the "R.JEANS" part removed & unusually has oval "PAID" in matching ink. (14 covers) Cross Reference: IRELAND PRE-1922 - POSTAL HISTORY, ITALIAN STATES (Image)

LATVIA - RIGA - COLLECTION OF MAIL TO EUROPE: 1706-1844 E/ELs from Riga to Europe (mainly Amsterdam) with virtually all being endorsed by forwarding agents in Hamburg, Riga or Lubeck with a couple carried by T&T. Includes 1848 E from Riga to Lisbon with Brunswick agent endorsment, 1705 EL from Riga (then Swedish) sent privately to Hamburg & forwarded to Amsterdam, and 1758 E from Riga sent undercover to Hamburg then forwarded to Amsterdam. Good selection of mostly 18th Century mail. (24 covers)Cross Reference: LATVIA, GERMAN STATES, NETHERLANDS (Image)

LATVIA - BAUSKA, LIBAU, MITTAU, TUKKUM MAIL: 1750-c.1819 E/ELs from Bauska, Libau, Mittau or Tukkum to Europe (mainly Netherlands, German/Italian states or France) with virtually all being endorsed by forwarding agents in Germany (Koenigsberg, Leipzig, Lubeck, Hamburg, Berlin, Zerbst, etc.) or Netherlands. Includes EL from Tukkum to Verviers, prepaid & forwarded in Lubeck to Cologne & missent to the Netherlands (therefore acquiring a Dutch orange ms "1" charge) plus 1750 EL from Mittau to Amsterdam sent privately undercover past the Prussian border & forwarded from around Memel. Good selection. (21 covers) Cross Reference: LATVIA, GERMAN STATES, NETHERLANDS (Image)

MALTA - INGOING/OUTGOING MAIL: 1821-1865 E/ELs from (3) or to (7) Malta with FACs (5) or endorsements (5) by various forwarding agents. Includes 1855 EL from Philippeville (Algeria) to Malta with oval "Jn Bte ELLUL/PHILIPPEVILLE" FAC ("4" in Rowe, wrongly identified as "Lune") plus "PHILIPPEVILLE/BAT. A P." 'vapor' cds (Salles 497a), 1854 EL from Calamata to Malta with oval "FRATELLI PEZALI/PATRASSO" FAC (fine, not in Rowe), 1863 double-forwarded EL from Scala Nuova (now Kusadasi, Turkey) to Malta with oval "... ALEXAEHI/SCALA NUOVA" (no Scala Nuova FACs recorded in Rowe) plus oval "...Paterson/SMYRNA" dated FAC ("3" in Rowe). (10 covers)Cross Reference: MALTA, GREECE, FRANCE, ITALIAN STATES (Image)

POLAND - OUTGOING/FORWARDED MAIL TO EUROPE/RUSSIA: 1770-1851 group with endorsements (5) or cachets (2) of forwarding agents in Krakow (2), Brody, Hamburg, Leipzig, Breslau, Warsaw or Birmingham. Incs. 1849 EL from Warsaw to London twice forwarded, once in Warsaw (v. fine FAC, "3" in Rowe) & another in Birmingham (endorsement on flap) or 1851 EL from London to Odessa with oval "FRANC. ANT. WOLFE/A CRACOVIE" (damaged where sealed, "3" in Rowe). (7 covers) Cross Reference: POLAND, RUSSIA, UKRAINE (Image)

PORTUGAL - FORWARDED AT LISBON (5) OR MARSEILLES: 1836-1861 E/ELs to or from Porto with endorsements (2) or cachets (4) of forwarding agents from Lisbon (5) or Marseilles. Incs. 1843 EL from Lisbon to Porto with boxed "FORWARDED BY/J.V.Z&SONS/LISBON" (fine, unrecorded in Rowe), 1860 EL from Lisbon to Porto with attractive red oval "FORWARDED BY/Garland Lardley&Co/LISBON" (fine, "3") or 1842 EL from Lisbon to Porto with oval "PENINSULAR/ORIENTAL STEAM NAVIGATION/COMPANY/LISBON" (fine, unrecorded in Rowe). (6 covers) Cross Reference: PORTUGAL, FRANCE (Image)

RUSSIA - OUTGOING MAIL: 1791-1838 E/ELs from Russia (St. Petersburg, Odessa or Archangel) to Netherlands (4), Belgium or France inc. five from St. Petersburg to Copenhagen. All with endorsements (9) or cachets (2) of forwarding agents. Inc. 1807 EL from Odessa to Amsterdam with boxed "HAUSNER&VIOLLAN/IN BRODY" (fine, "4" in Rowe) (11 covers)Cross Reference: RUSSIA, NETHERLANDS (Image)

RUSSIAN MAIL TO FRANCE VIA FORWARDING AGENTS: 1784-1862 E/ELs with endorsements (27) or cachets (8) of European or Russian forwarding agents (great majority German States). Incs. 1853 from St. Petersburg to Bordeaux forwarded at Lubeck and carried by T&T with a black oval "JOACH:AUG:HASSE/LUBECK" with date written in centre (fine, "3" but only recorded in blue by Rowe), 1852 EL from St. Petersburg to Bordeaux with blue oval "PHILIPP STROMEYER/HAMBURG" with date written in centre (fine, "3" but only recorded in black). (35 covers) Cross Reference: RUSSIA, GERMAN STATES, FRANCE (Image)

RUSSIAN MAIL TO G.B.: 1712-1863 from Russia (St. Petersburg, Archangel, Taganrog) to G.B. (mainly London) with endorsements (10) or cachets (6) of European forwarding agents in Hamburg (10), London (2), Hull, Taganrog, Amsterdam or Lubeck. Incs. 1712 EL from Archangel to London forwarded in Amsterdam by Chitty & sons (endorsement), 1847 EL from a British ship's captain at Kronstradt to Cornwall forwarded in Hamburg endorsed & bearing fancy "JPS" cachet. (15 covers + 1 PPC) Cross Reference: RUSSIA, G.B.P.H. COLLECTIONS, GERMAN STATES (Image)

RUSSIAN MAIL TO ITALIAN STATES: 1825-1869 E/ELs from Odessa (majority), Taganrog, St. Petersburg, etc. to Italy with endorsements (7) or cachets (6) of forwarding agents of European or Russian/Ukrainian forwarding agents in Constantinople (5), Vienna, Brody (4), Kerch, France (2) or London. Includes 1869 EL from Odessa to Messina with blue oval "P.N.PETROCOCHINO/CONSTANTINOPLE" (mostly fine, "4" in Rowe & only recorded in green) & franked with three Napoleon III 20c Blues. (13 covers) Cross Reference: RUSSIA, ITALIAN STATES (Image)

RUSSIAN MAIL (MAINLY FROM UKRAINE) TO MALTA VIA CONSTANTINOPLE FORWARDING AGENTS - MANY FACs, SOME STEAMER CDS's, ETC.: 1853-1866 E/ELs from Odessa (majority), Taganrog or Berdiansk to Malta with a variety of endorsements (10) or cachets (18) of Constantinople forwarding agents. Incs. 1864 EL from Taganrog to Malta with blue oval "GLAVANY - ZINO/CONSTANTINOPLE" (fine, "3" in Rowe recorded only in black) & franked with QV 4d Red cancelled with "C" barred oval, 1866 EL from Berdiansk to Malta with superb blue oval "V.zo DECANDIA/CONSTANTINOPLI" (not recorded in Rowe) and a few other unrecorded cachets. Little duplication. (28 covers) Cross Reference: UKRAINE, RUSSIA (Image)

RUSSIAN MAIL TO EUROPE VIA POLISH FORWARDING AGENTS: 1805-1839 E/ELs from Odessa or Georgia to France (2), Italy, G.B., Spain (2) with endorsements or cachets (5) of Polish forwarding agents. Incs. 1805 E from Odessa to Tarragona twice-forwarded in Odessa (endorsement) & then in Brody (boxed "HAUSNER&VIOLLAND/IN BRODY", mostly fine - "4" in Rowe - present on another cover in this group unboxed) or 1852 EL from Odessa to Paris forwarded in Krakow with oval "ANTON HOFLZEL/KRAKAU" with date written in centre ("3" in Rowe recorded in black only"). (6 covers) Cross Reference: POLAND, RUSSIA, UKRAINE (Image)

RUSSIAN MAIL VIA FORWARDING AGENTS TO OTHER EUROPEAN COUNTRIES: 1816-1862 E/ELs from Russia to Italy, France, Portugal, Greece, G.B. & others with endorsements (9) or cachets (3) of forwarding agents in Constantinople (2), London (4), Memel, Vienna, Hamburg, etc; a few sent undercover. Incs. 1852 EL (disinfected with slits & perfs.) from Constantinople to Finland twice-forwarded bearing two FACs inc. blue oval "RAMPACHER [name removed] HOLTERMANN/SHIP & COMMISSION AGENTS/CONSTANTINOPLE" ("3" in Rowe - unrecorded in blue) & blue oval "LENGNICH & CO/ODESSA" ("3"). (12 covers + PPC & contents + A4 size map of Western Russia) Cross Reference: DISINFECTED MAIL, TURKEY, FINLAND (Image)

AUSTRIA/HUNGARY/GREECE/TURKEY - STAMPED FORWARDING AGENT MAIL: - c.1870-1874 E/ELs from Constantinople (3, same year & correspondence, all forwarded where written), Armenia, Taganrog or Odessa to Bucharest (3), Constantinople, Athens or Portugal all with FACs & franked by stamps. Incs. c.1879-84 env. from Poti, Armenia to Constantinople with attractive Popi 5-line FAC in green or 1872 EL from Taganrog to Athens forwarded in Constantinople (FAC over the join) with "45" hs charge & franked by Greek 40c + 5c issues. (6 covers) Cross Reference: TURKEY, RUSSIA, ARMENIA, ROMANIA (Image)

SWITZERLAND - FORWARDED/TRANSIT MAIL: 1770-1869 E/ELs of European mail (mostly French/Italian) forwarded in Switzerland (6, Geneva, Zurich, Chur, Basel) or France (1, from Basel) with endorsements (5) or cachets (2) of forwarding agents. Inc. 1851 EL from Chemnitz to Nice with blue oval "S.&J.B. PAVIER/COIRE" with date written in centre ("3" in Rowe) or a couple of covers with endorsements unrecorded by Rowe. (7 covers) Cross Reference: SWITZERLAND, FRANCE, ITALIAN STATES (Image)