ADEN - KAMARAN QUARANTINE ISLAND: c.1895 env. to Constantinople with very fine bilingual "QUARANTINE DE CAMARAN/[Arabic script]/1882" cachet as flap seal; 1937 env.to Holland with a very fine large purple "QUARANTINE STATION/16 APR. 1937/[signature]/*KAMARAN*" cachet on front; Also other envs. & PPCs to/from the island (7) & 15 PPcs of the quarantine station. (24 items) Cross Reference: ADEN (Image)

IRAN & IRAQ: c.1890 env. Baghdad to Constantinople with very fine bilingual "OFFICE SANITAIRE BAGDAD/[Arabic script]/1876" cachet; 1911 env. front (damaged) ex Tehran to Kerman with fine large "EMPIRE PERSANE/CONSEIL SANITAIRE" cachet; also PPCs of lazaret/quarantine station at Basrah. (5 items) Cross Reference: IRAN/PERSIA, IRAQ (Image)

LEBANON & SYRIA COLLECTION: 1836-1948 range inc. 1850 large linen-lined env. (some damage) ex London to Beirut with disinfection slits rated a high "11/8[d]"; 1876 env. ex Beirut to Constantinople with very fine quarantine station frank (in Turkish, used for very short time) & personal quarantine official cachet; 1890 env. ex Beirut to Constantinople with only known use of Italian/Turkish bilingual "AMMINISTRAZIONE SANITARIA DI BERUTTI" & personal quarantine official cachets; 1948 ex Vienna to Beirut returned & resealed env. with a very fine example of the only recorded use of red "Service Suspendu a Cause/de Cholera" cachet; plus other ELs & envs. ex Aleppo or Beirut showing signs of quarantine or disinfection inc. PPCs - some with content regarding quarantine, PPCs of the quarantine station in Beirut, and 1866 Ottoman Sanitary Office account. (21 items) Cross Reference: LEBANON, SYRIA (Image)

PALESTINE - EX ACRE PAIR: 1682 EL to Livorno via Marseille Forwarding Agent where soaked in vinegar, early example of forwarding agent & disinfection; 1813 EL (sent by courier) to Paris, chisel slit diagonally in all 4 corners.Cross Reference: PALESTINE (Image)

PALESTINE - FRENCH CONSULATE MAIL: 1835 EL ex St. Jean d'Acre to Marseille via Beirut with mainly fine consular & "PURIFIE LAZARET/MARSEILLE" cachets with contents asserting "We have this year preserved Syria from the plague which has been menacing it, which has not appeared in our Lazaret. The number of victims it has taken...is 63 persons...". Disinfection via rastel slits. Cross Reference: PALESTINE (Image)

PALESTINE - FRENCH CONSULATE MAIL: 1836 EL ex St. Jean d'Acre to Marseille via Beirut with fine "Purifie a Marseille" cachet with contents asserting "I take advantage of a Sardinian naval vessel to advise that our health here and throughout Syria continues to be very good. We have not had a single case in our lazaret since the end of summer 1835.". Disinfection via chisel slits. Cross Reference: PALESTINE (Image)

PALESTINE - MAIL TO JAFFA: 1836 EL ex Sardinian Consulate in Alexandria (sealed with consular cachet) and fumigated at the lazaretto in Jaffa; 1866 EL posted on board ship and slit for fumigation on arrival at the quarantine station; also PPCs of Hebron (taken from the quarantine station) and "Mont de la Quarantine". (6 items)Cross Reference: PALESTINE (Image)

PALESTINE - FUMIGATED IN MALTA: 1848 EL ex Jerusalem to Livorno via Beirut, Alexandria (where quarantined), and Malta (where slit and faint "PURIFIE AU LAZARET/MALTE" cachet applied).Cross Reference: PALESTINE (Image)

SAUDI ARABIA: c.1890 "Service Sanitaire de l'Yemen" env. ex Al-Hudaydah with fine bilingual "OFFICE SANITAIRE/[Arabic script]/*HODEIDA*" cachet on front and as seal over flap; and env. ex Jeddah with fine bilingual "OFFICE SANITAIRE DJEDDAH/[Arabic script]/*1885*" cachet on front and as seal over flap, along with an unused PPC of the Jeddah Quarantine Office.Cross Reference: SAUDI ARABIA (Image)

TURKEY - DOUBLE DISINFECTION & RARE "CONSTAN/TINOPEL" HS: 1698-1798 range inc. 1784 EL ex Constantinople to Venice opened for fumigation, resealed with wafer, then further sanitation wax seal applied in Semlin; 1787 EL to Venice with small fine "CONSTAN/TINOPEL" hs (used only in 1787) fumigated in Semlin, then opened in Venice and re-sealed; and other examples of ELs to Venice, France & London disinfected by scorching or vinegar, with disinfection paper or wax seals. (12 items) Cross Reference: TURKEY, ITALY, AUSTRIA (Image)

TURKEY - TRIPLE DISINFECTION: Trio of ELs ex Smyrna inc. 1831 to Belgium via Austria & Bavaria with mainly fine Semlin & fine Bavarian disinfection cachets and resealed with grey Belgian label; 1832 ex Constantinople to France via Semlin (opened & sealed with wax, fine cachet applied), Habach (nr. Salzburg, very fine cachet applied) & Huningue (where slit); and 1832 ex Constantinople to France via Semlin (opened & sealed with wax, faint cachet applied), Habach (faint oval cachet applied) & Huningue (where slit). Cross Reference: TURKEY, BELGIUM (Image)

TURKEY - DISINFECTED AT SEMLIN - EARLIEST KNOWN DATE OF WAX SEAL: 1729 EL Constantinople to Venice with the earliest recorded use of a (near complete) wax seal of disinfection; 1742 EL Constantinople to Venice with similar seal; and 1771 EL Constantinople to Marseille with partial seal. (3 items) Cross Reference: TURKEY, AUSTRIA (Image)

TURKEY - DISINFECTED AT AUSTRIAN QUARANTINE STATIONS: 1800-29 mix inc. pair of ELs ex Constantinople to Trieste with red wax seals of the imperial Austrian coat of arms surrounded by "K.K. SCHUPP : CONTUMAZ AMT" (for Schuppanek); 1813 ex Smyrna to London endorsed "p. Vigilant" with faint boxed "Purifie a Genes" disinfection hs - very few covers known sent by this and 2 other ships captured by the French; and others to France or Italy with slits, awl holes, and/or wax or paper seals indicating disinfection. Also 1820 ship's Bill of Health document. (14 items) Cross Reference: TURKEY, AUSTRIA, FRANCE, ITALY (Image)

TURKEY - FRANCE, ITALY, G.B., AUSTRIA, ETC. - DISINFECTED MAIL: 1830s collection of ELs inc. 1832 to France with a mainly fine "Gerauchert von Contumaz-Amte/zu Semlin am 22 Juli 1832" hs and official wax seal, and similar hs's on 1833 mail to Austria & Switzerland; and others similarly sealed after fumigation, along with interesting contents of a journey to Constantinople and references to life in quarantine, etc. Also three ship's Bills of Health dated 1832 or 1835, and 1839 Smyrna Health Board regulations update document. (20 items) Cross Reference: TURKEY, FRANCE, GREAT BRITAIN, ITALY (Image)

TURKEY - DISINFECTION OF MAIL IN SEMLIN/TRIESTE: 1840-58 range of mail inc. 1854 E ex Austrian Post Office in Constantinople to Vienna with a possibly unique "[Imperial Arms]/NETTO DI FUORA" cachet; plus other Es or ELs to Austria, Italy, G.B. & U.S.A. with Trieste or Semlin cachets or wax seals after opening for fumigation. (10 items) Cross Reference: TURKEY, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, AUSTRIA, LEVANT - AUSTRIAN (Image)

TURKEY - HEALTH OFFICES FRANKS: 1875-98 Exhibition Collection of covers on written-up pages inc. 1875 env. ex Salonica with fine matching cachet on front (used as frank) and wax seal on back; 1898 registered env. ex Prevesa with very fine "OFFICE SANITAIRE/[Turkish inscription]/DE PREVESA" used as frank and seal; plus similar envs. from Cavak, Cavalla, Dardanelles, Dede-Aghatch, Eregli, Gallipoli, Kerrasonde, Rodosto, Vallona, and many other towns. (35 items) Cross Reference: TURKEY (Image)

TURKEY - BALANCE OF COLLECTION INC. HEALTH PASSPORTS, ETC.: 1840-c.1916 collection of material inc. 1852 EL ex Austrian P.O. Constantinople to Trieste opened, disinfected with vinegar, and resealed with partial "ADMINISTRATION/SANITAIRE/DE L'EMPIRE OTTOMANE/[star & crescent]"; 1892 postally used G.B. 1d PC with printed message warning of 5 to 10 days quarantine in Constantinople; and other cards & covers showing signs of disinfection or sanitation cachets, plus ship's bills of health/health passports/sanitation documents, some with revenue stamps. (18 covers, 26 documents) Cross Reference: TURKEY (Image)